民意调查：美国的盟国对中国更有好感
Poll: In wake of Iraq war, allies prefer China to U.S.America's rating was lowest in Turkey, Pakistan and Jordan
民意调查显示：伊战後，美国的盟国对中国更有好感
Thursday, June 23, 2005; Posted: 5:46 p.m. EDT (21:46 GMT)
WASHINGTON (AP) -- The United States' image is so tattered overseas two years after the Iraq invasion that communist China is viewed more favorably than the U.S. in many long-time Western European allies, an international poll has found.
国际民意调查显示，美国的海外形象在伊战两年後持续下滑，而中国在美国传统盟国心目中更具好感。
The poor image persists even though the Bush administration has been promoting freedom and democracy throughout the world in recent months -- which many viewed favorably -- and has sent hundreds of millions of dollars in relief aid to Indian Ocean nations hit by the devastating December 26 tsunami.
"It's amazing when you see the European public rating the United States so poorly, especially in comparison with China," said Andrew Kohut, director of the Pew Research Center for the People & the Press, which surveyed public opinion in 16 countries, including the United States.
In Britain, almost two-thirds of Britons, 65 percent, saw China favorably, compared with 55 percent who held a positive view of the United States.
In France, 58 percent had an upbeat view of China, compared with 43 percent who felt that way about the U.S. The results were nearly the same in Spain and the Netherlands.
The United States' favorability rating was lowest among three Muslim nations which are also U.S. allies -- Turkey, Pakistan and Jordan -- where only about one-fifth of those polled viewed the U.S. in a positive light.
Only India and Poland were more upbeat about the United States, while Canadians were just as likely to see China favorably as they were the U.S.
The poll found suspicion and wariness of the United States in many countries where people question the war in Iraq and are growing wary of the U.S.-led campaign against terrorism.
"The Iraq war has left an enduring impression on the minds of people around the world in ways that make them very suspicious of U.S. intentions and makes the effort to win hearts and minds far more difficult," said Shibley Telhami, a senior fellow at the Brookings Institution.
The overseas image of the United States slipped sharply after the Iraq invasion in 2003, the Pew polling found, and it has not rebounded in Western European countries like Britain, France, Germany and Spain.
However the U.S. image has bounced back in Indonesia, the world's most populous Muslim country which benefited from U.S. aid to tsunami victims, as well as in India and Russia.
Support for the U.S.-led war on terror has dipped in Western countries like Britain, France, Germany, Canada and Spain, while it remains low in the Muslim countries surveyed like Pakistan, Turkey and Jordan.
"The position of the United States as the one surviving superpower is to be assertive in responding in a world of terrorism. But in the rest of the world, there is a great wariness about that," said John Danforth, the former Republican senator from Missouri who also was U.S. ambassador to the United Nations. He is now a St. Louis attorney.
The poll found a positive reaction in European countries to President George W. Bush's campaign for more democracy in countries around the world. People in Muslim countries were wary of the U.S. campaign, but supportive of the idea of democracy in their own countries.
Danforth said the attitudes in the Mideast about democracy were a bright spot.
"We should keep plugging away on democracy," Danforth said. "But we need to do a better job of communicating what we're trying to do."
The survey found that a majority of people in most countries say the United States does not take the interests of other countries into account when making international policy decisions.
It also found most would like to see another country get as much military power as the United States, though few want China to play that role.
People in most countries were more inclined to say the war in Iraq has made the world a more dangerous place. Non-U.S. residents who had unfavorable views of the United States were most likely to cite Bush as the reason rather than a general problem with America.
The polls were taken in various countries from late April to the end of May with samples of about 1,000 in most countries, with more interviewees in India and China and slightly less than 1,000 in the European countries. The margin of sampling error ranged from 2 percentage points to 4 percentage points, depending on the sample size.
[ Last edited by 灰鸦 on 2005-6-24 at 12:55 ] 中国国际形象优于美国
国际民意调查：但各国对其军事经济力量存戒心
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（华盛顿综合电）一项国际民意调查显示，中国的国际形象优于美国，许多国家的民众对中国普遍印象颇佳。
不过，各国对中国飞快增长的经济和军事力量怀有戒心。
皮尤（Pew)研究中心最近在美国及另外15个国家对大约1万7000人进行了这项民意调查，显示11个国家的过半民众对中国印象良好，只有6个国家的民众对美国有好感。
民调显示，美国的国际形象仍然受到伊拉克战争的困扰，西欧国家民众对美国的印象没有改善。10个对美国印象不好的国家当中，回教国家也占了一半，约旦民众对美国的印象最差。
欧洲国家民众对中国的印象比美国好，但是大多数人仍不愿意看到中国崛起成为美国的军事对手，只有土耳其例外。在英国、法国及俄罗斯，十个受调查者当中，七个表示不希望中国成为超级强国，十个德国及美国人当中，则有八个持有这种想法。
在法国和西班牙，多数民众认为，飞快增长的中国经济力量伤害了他们的国家。不过，英国及荷兰民众对中国经济增长的看法比较正面。
美国前国务卿奥尔布赖特是这项称为皮尤环球态度民调计划（Pew Global Attitudes Project)的联合主席。她前天在民调结果的发布会上说：“欧洲对（中国的）经济与军事崛起的感受显然很矛盾。”
回教国家民众的反美情绪依然高涨，包括美国的北约盟国土耳其，以致大多数人认为，中国崛起成为能够与美国抗衡的军事强国是件好事。
中国民众对美国的印象与美国民众对中国的印象大同小异，43%中国民众对美国持正面看法，美国也有43%民众对中国持正面看法。
只有17%中国民众对日本的印象良好，是16个受调查国家当中最低的一个。巴基斯坦和约旦民众对日本的印象也不好。
民调显示，印度民众对美国的印象最好，支持率高达71%。尽管美国攻打伊拉克引起国际社会的批评及反美情绪，仍有45%印度民众认为，伊拉克总统萨达姆倒台已使到世界更安全。
美国去年底的大海啸过后主持国际赈灾行动，使它在全球回教徒人口最多的印尼的形象有所改善，支持美国的印尼民众从15%上升到38%。约旦民众对美国的印象虽然最差，但支持美国者也从5%增加到21%。
民调还显示，88%中国民众看好自己的国家，这个比例在所有被调查国家中最高，美国居次，共有83%民众持有这个看法。不过，只有26%美国民众认为美国在全球广受欢迎。
皮尤研究中心2002年开始进行这项年度民意调查，今年首次将中国列为调查对象。
http://www.zaobao.com/images/zaobao_com.gif
不知道皮尤研究中心什么来头,调查是否公正和权威.
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