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在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。9 j* T: | {- K' f# v ]: K/ Y% F r
在翻译的时候，主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句一般可以按照英语原文顺序来翻译。同位语从句有以下五种翻译方法：% G8 r, l/ C% c( b6 m0 a# p* s1 f
① 可以直接翻译在所修饰词后面。
O. M* `* s/ n+ F& `② 放在所修饰的名词前面，充当定语。4 H2 D( O- i- P& L# t9 W8 V9 x# k
③ 译成独立句子：先翻译主句，然后用“就是……”或者“即……”引导出同位语从句，或者把同位语从句译成独立的句子，由冒号或破折号引出。
. @" R5 z% Z/ d3 _2 W& D5 S# Y④ 用代词指代：先把同位语从句中的内容翻译出来，在后面用“这”或“那”等代词复指它，参加句子主体的构成。/ \9 {- a- M' m- M1 p' B% n) i
⑤ 译成宾语 ：把同位语从句修饰的名词转译成动词，而把同位语教育学考研辅 导从句译成宾语。
" v4 q! c# t2 L【真题例句1】 H0 g+ K; |5 @6 r
What is harder to establish is whether the productivity revolution that businessmen assume they are presiding over is for real.* b7 s. u2 h- s ~0 Q* t% Z" M( c
【解析】
. \' B% @6 z. k. g9 L句子可拆分为：What is harder to establish is //whether the productivity revolution //that businessmen assume //they are presiding over// is for real./ ^# Y6 j' u0 n" Z6 h% I
主句为What is harder to establish is whether the productivity revolution is for real。主句包含两个从句成分：从句what is harder to establish作主语；whether the productivity revolution is for real作表语；that they are presiding over为定语从句修饰the productivity revolution; 此定语从句中businessmen assume为主谓结构的插入语。以what, whatever, whoever, whether, when, where, how, why等词引导的主语从句及表语从句在翻译的时候，一般可以按照英语原文顺序来翻译。
( e- L8 w u+ j! l【参考译文】- F% P5 Z8 a( p
难以确定的是，商界人士认为他们所主导的生产力革海文考研命是否真的存在。
) g3 q, Q: G j: n( C【真题例句2】9 s5 @( D; ~4 p# V
It has also been proposed that just because we know so much about people intuitively, there has been less incentive for studying them scientifically: why should one develop a theory, carry out systematic observations, or make predictions about the obvious?
. {3 }% @" ?. x+ O3 p【解析】
* C, f, p! _; _! p0 q: K该句可拆分为：It has also been proposed that //just because we know so much about people intuitively, // there has been less incentive //for studying them scientifically: //why should one develop a theory, //carry out systematic observations, //or make predictions about the obvious?0 T- u9 |, R% J' {, d: v
主句为：It has also been proposed。That…for studying them scientifically是主语从句，形式主语it的真主语。because we know so much about people intuitively是这个主语从句中嵌套的原因状语从句。冒号后面是一个简单句，对前面内容起解释说明作用。has been proposed, has been这个动词不好排除，但是如果你发现后面连词that后又有一个连词because, 说明that引导一个从句，而这个because引导的应是这个从句的原因状语从句，很自然它后面需要有主句。所以这个动词只是从句中主句的谓语动词，并不是整个句子的谓语动词。develop, carry out, make在冒号后面句子中，不能成为主句谓语动词。由此确定主句谓语动词为has been proposed。
6 e I$ m" ~- a9 HIt is +过去分词+that从句开头的主语2014考研从句一般按顺序译出。
% z' f6 a1 L f+ k# s& [. z$ u! Y1 D【参考译文】0 e1 \; N/ S7 o+ o* w' M0 o$ ^
还有解释说，正是由于我们对人的直觉了解太多，所以我们没有科学地研究这些直觉的动力：对于显而易见之事，人们为什么要建立一种理论、进行系统的观察或是作一些预言呢?
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