短文辨析改错应试技巧

christina

大学英语六级考试中的短文辨析改错，是众多考生得分较低的一项。短文辨析改错不仅要求学生要有较高的阅读理解能力，还要求学生有深厚的语法知识，善于分析英语基本句型和句子结构。它主要是考查学生辨析并改正语言知识在运用时常出现的各种错误的能力。我们在分析历届六级真题的基础上，归纳、总结出以往六级短文改错的命题倾向和常见错误类型，并通过对历年六级短文改错真题的举例分析，培养学生应试技巧。

　

一、一致关系错误解析

[错误类型]

1．人称代词或物主代词的混淆或误用：
例 A　man surrounded by flames and smoke generally considers that jumping out of a second-floor window is an acceptable risk to save its life. (1993年6月题72)
(答案：its → his 虽然本句主语和代词之间隔有众多成分，但我们应该知道，此句主语是A man，所以谓语save后面应是his life)。
例: Unconciously we copy these we are close to or love or admire.
(1995年1月题73)
(答案：these → those，题意是"不经意中，我们模仿身边的、所爱的、所崇拜的那些人。")

2．动名词作为主语，主谓关系不一致
例 And there are no going back to a simple, less technologically complex time.(1998年1月题74)
(答案：are → is,在there be结构中，主语是-ing分词短语going back to,因此谓语动词be应用单数形式.)

3.百分数作为主语，主谓关系不一致
例：But if 98 percent of us doesn't need to work, ...(1998年1月题79)
(答案:doesn't → don't，百分数修饰主语,要看of后面的名词的数,us 是复数，因此谓语动词亦用复数)

4. 反身代词前后不一致
例: ……, what are we going to do with oneself? (1998年1月题80)
(答案:oneself → ourselves,因此主语是we,反身代词应与主语保持一致)

5. 从句、不定式作语，主谓关系不一致
例: Whether women who have started a career will attain pay equality with men rest on at least two factors. (1996年1月题73)
(答案:rest → rests,因为从句、不定式,分词等形式作主语时谓语动词要用单数形式。如 To see is to believe.)

6. 名词单复数，主谓不一致

例(1): Advances in technology has also changed people's lives. (1990年1月题73)
(答案:has → have,advance意为"进展、成就"是可数名词,谓语应用复数)

例(2): The small college, however, generally provides a limited number of courses and specializations but offer a better student-faculty ratio, thus permitting individualized attention to students. (1996年6月题73)
(答案：offer → offers，动词offer主语是The small college，并和前面谓语动词provides并列，故用第三人称单数)

　

二、名词单复数错误解析

[错误类型]

1. 误把抽象名词看作复数词
例(1): It seems that the progresses of man includes a rising volume of noise. (1995年6月题71)
例(2): The government also affects the kind of works people do. (1990年1月题79)(答案: works → work，因为work作"工作"讲时是不可数名词)

2. and等连词或词组前后名词单复数不一致
例: Sensitive people have been mirroring their friend and acquaintances all their lives, and winning affection and respect in this way without aware of their methods. (1995年1月题79)
(答案：friend → friends，因为friend和acquaintances并列，都应用复数)

　

三、时态错误解析

[错误类型］
句中动词时态与所给或暗示的时间状语不一致。

例(1): Now he had the capability to leave that planet and move out into the universe to those worlds which he has known previously only directly. (2000年1月题71)
(答案：had → has，通过联系上下文时态及本句句首now，应知这里不可能用过去时。)

例(2): The American hasn't been told very much about the kind of food he might expect. (2000年6月题76)
(答案：hasn't → hadn't，因为原文中二、三、四段已用了过去时态，"被告知"是过去的过去，故用过去完成时)。

例(3): Picking it up, he put it into his collar, so that it falls across his shirt. (2000年6月题79)
(答案：falls→fell，因为原文用了过去式)

[改错技巧］
应掌握与某个特定时态连用的时间状语

(1) 与一般现在时连用的时间状语有every day, always, usually, sometimes, often等。
(2) 与现在完成时连用的时间状语有recently，lately，since，already，so far，these day，for a year等。
(3) 与过去完成时连用的时间状语有by (up to) 1960, between 1914 and 1945 (过去时间)等
(4) 与将来完成时连用的时间状语有 by 2010, up to 22nd century, when从句等。

　

四、非谓语动词错误辨析

［错误类型］

1. 该用过去分词却错用了现在分词，或反之。

例(1): Deciding how much discomfort and risk we are preparing to put up with in the name of better health is a highly personal matter, not a decision we should leave to doctors alone. (1993年6月题78)
(答案：preparing → prepared, "be prepared to do sth"强调一种状态，如用preparing，则强调具体动作，而非状态，故不适合)。

例(2): Even the quiet of our careful protected wilderness areas can be invaded at any moment by a passed jet.(1995年6月题79)
(答案：passed → passing，用-ing分词修饰名词，表明所修饰名词是所发出动作的主体；用-ed分词修饰名词，表明所修饰名词是所发出动作的承受者。本句中，pass是jet发出的动作，故用-ing分词)。

例(3): So a sportman's individual way of walking with raised shoulders is imitated by an admired fan. (1995年1月题74)
(答案：admired → admiring，用admiring修饰fan，表主动)

2. 该用现在分词置于句首，表示与谓语相伴随的动作或原因，但用了动词原形。
例: Consider the great need for improving many aspects of the global environment, one is surely justified in his concern for the money and resources that are poured into the space exploration efforts. (2000年1月题78)
(答案：consider → considering，根据本句内容及上下文可知，这里应用现在分词表原因， "由于考虑到地球环境………"。)

3. 应用分词表示一种结果却用了动词原形。
例: The small college,however, generally provides a limited number of courses and specializations but offers a better student-faculty ratio, thus permit individualized attention to students. (1996年6月题74)
(答案：permit → permitting，此处应用分词短语表示结果)

　

五、虚拟语气错误辨析

［错误类型］
与现在事实相反，主句谓语动词应用"would+动词原形"却误用其它形式。

例: In part, technology has caused the population explosion, many of us won't now be alive if it weren't for advances in health, agriculture and industry. (1998年1月题71)
(答案：won't → wouldn't, now表示此句与现在事实相反，主句谓语动词应用"would+动词原形"形式。)

［改错技巧］
1. 与过去事实相反，从句谓语动词用"had+过去分词"形式，主句谓语动词用"would have+过去分词"形式。
2. 与将来事实相反，从句谓语动词用"were to+动词原形"形式，主句谓语用"would+动词原形"形式。

　

六、词义相反错误辨析

此类错误只要弄懂了原文内容以及上下文联系即可轻松找出并订正，注意单词拼写正确。

例(1): The need for more food discourages development of better technology which naturally keeps more people alive. (1998年1月题73)
(答案：discourages → encourages，根据上下文即可看出此处应用"促进，鼓励"之意。

例(2): In theory, it is impossible that all the goods and services the world needs could be produced by only 2 percent of the population. (1998年1月题76)
(答案：impossible → possible,弄懂了上下文意即可改正。)

例(3): In every case, the influential person may consciously notice the imitation but he will feel comfortable in its presence. (1995年1月76题)
(答案：consciously → unconsciously，根据句意即可看出)

例(4): First,will most of them continue part-time at their jobs after they have children? (1996年1月题74)
(答案:part → full,根据上下文,part-time不合逻辑，应为full-time.)

例(5): Blood pressure drugs definitely help some people live after a heart attack, but these same drugs may be both necessary and harmful for those with only mild blood pressure problems. (1993年6月题77)
(答案：necessary → unnecessary，根据上下文逻辑即可辨析出来)。

注：此类错误出现频率较高，请考生务必多加注意。

　

七、形容词、副词混用错误辨析

[错误类型］

1. 应用副词修饰形容词、副词，却用了形容词来修饰。

例(1): Many men, for example, have committed their lives to teaching careers, yet relative few have become principals or headmasters. (1996年1月题80)
(答案:relative → relatively,因为few是形容词,必须用副词来修饰。)

例(2): Even the quiet of our careful protected wilderness areas can be invaded at any moment by a passing jet.(1995年6月题78)
(答案：careful → carefully,只能用副词来修饰动词protected.)

2. 应用形容词作表语，却用了副词。
例: In every case, the influential person my unconsciously notice the imitation but he will feel comfortably in its presence. (1995年1月题76)
(答案: comfortably → comfortable，补语只能用名词和形容词)

3. 同为副词，形不同意不同，却混淆了用法。
例: Deciding how much discomfort and risk we are prepared to put up with in the name of better health is a high personal matter, not a decision we should leave to doctors alone. (1993年6月题79)
(答案：high → highly，二者都是副词，但high意为"高高地，在高处地"，highly意为"非常地，极，高度地"此处意为"非常地"，需用highly。)

　

八、连词的误用辨析

[错误类型］

1. 误用从属连词，使主从句形成错误的不合理的语义关系。

例(1): In 1860, because some of the farm population had moved to the city, yet eighty percent of the American population was still in the country. (1991年6月题72)
(答案：because → although，因下行出现了yet，这是让步关系的关键词，便知主从句应是让步关系。)

例(2): A break in their employment,or a decision to work part-time, will slow their raises and promotions -- because it would for men. (1996年1月题76)
(答案：because → as，因为破折号前后不是因果关系，破折号后面是一种补充说明。)

2. 误用连词，导致上、下文不合逻辑的语义关系。

例(1) The small college, therefore, generally provides a limited number of courses and specialization but offers a better student-faculty ratio, thus permitting individualized attention to students.
(答案：therefore → however，此句根据上下文应表示转折关系，而不是因果关系，故用however。)

例(2) They are likely to travel more and to want more education. Nevertheless, many more jobs are available in these services. (1990年1月题78)
(答：nevertheless → therefore,根据上下文，前后明显是因果关系，而不是表语气转折的关系，故用therefore。)

qlyx

楼主这个帖子含金量比较高哦，我要仔细研究研究，哈！