|
|
在英语中的被动语态使用得比汉语要多,要普遍使用,但大多数句子都使用主动语态,在英语中极为重要。考研中常常涉及到这个问题。一般说来,当强调动作承受者,不必说出执行者或含糊不清的执行者时,多用被动语态。
1 Q5 Y& g: t! V 主动和被动语态的对比:
* e7 T+ t$ W# T6 ~% C1 D& T; S 主动语态 被动语态# Y, H. f( [6 [) p9 ~/ B9 N
一般现在时 ①is\am\are②do/does(V.\V.s) am\is\are+done(V. p.p)% I8 j# s* z6 j9 G- W, {
一般将来时 will\be going to\be (about)to+do(V.) will+be+done(V. p.p)
( R7 l$ d2 C! `* I7 }! h" W一般过去时 ①was\were②did(V.-ed) was\were+done(V. p.p)
7 S$ B. {3 k' @: ?$ }' g4 r; j. v) e现在进行时 am\is\are+doing(V.-ing) am\is\are+doing+done(V. p.p)
! p% F% K8 K x/ T0 L过去进行时 was\were+doing(V.-ing) was\were+doing+done(V.p.p)# m7 x6 W3 E$ u8 g7 b
现在完成时 have\has+done(V. p.p.) have\has+been+done(V. p.p)
( X! z+ j: Y# L. x2 d, e$ m过去完成时 had+done(V. p.p.) had+been+done(V. p.p.)4 I1 Y7 p% Z- A( T4 x
情态动词 情态动词+V. 情态动词+be+done(V. p.p.)1 n) A+ I5 M# `! O- ?+ v
过去将来时 would/should +V. would/should be + done(V. p.p.)9 N5 b2 h+ ^; U- C4 F4 R" W6 F0 n9 O
翻译时有以下几种翻译方法:
- t' p! t7 @' m4 w6 A3 U' n% R译成汉语被动句:使用“被、受、遭、让、给、由、把、得到、受到、加以、得以、为……所”等词。
9 L* ~ ~/ i$ d2 _②增加主语,即动作的实际发出者,或考研政治虚拟发出者。- Z- J" }7 ?1 S6 x5 Y
译成汉语无主句) m! O8 P- [9 k7 p2 n
另外还有一些常用被动句考研英语真题型的习惯译法,需要平时积累,比如:) m$ O! m, ?+ ~) T
It is hoped that... 希望……,有人希望……
; o* M* M& [1 I+ k$ Q0 a9 `# u3 K It is assumed that... 假设……,假定……# ^+ l- S# X% U6 R0 O) N0 ^/ L9 ^
It is claimed that... 据说……,有人主张……: ]/ {: s% ~) J7 t% f9 t6 x
It is believed that... 有人想信……,大家相信……
" e/ E& F, {* }" b; ` It is reported that... 据报道……,据通报……" n! S* _2 ]$ i0 f
It is considered that... 人们认为……,据估计……
1 T0 l, y; w @ It is said that... 据说……,有人说……- X# F, b( J: ~8 j* E5 K( w5 a$ e* c$ S: L
【真题例句】3 ~- s( \- t- m4 H" t* K4 B& @6 i
It is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be required by a sort of special training.
* K% E) b! h$ M1 f. ]$ X5 W 【解析】
2 h0 i6 t5 W; A3 }2 U; @It is imagined by many //that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, //and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training.
3 ~3 e1 }, \. I. C5 {& z主句:it is imagined,其中it为形式主语,而that引导的 that the operations... compared with these processes和that they have to ... special training是并列的主语从句,为真正的主语。原文中有三个被动语态is imagined,be compared和be required,译成汉语都变成了主动表达:“认为”、“相比”和“掌握”。具体为: |
|