2014考研英语：语法难点解析之名词性从句

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在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
    在翻译的时候，主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句一般可以按照英语原文顺序来翻译。同位语从句有以下五种翻译方法：
3 W) k9 s0 e# n7 y1 R8 `( {可以直接翻译在所修饰词后面。
放在所修饰的名词前面，充当定语。
译成独立句子：先翻译主句，然后用“就是……”或者“即……”引导出同位语从句，或者把同位语从句译成独立的句子，由冒号或破折号引出。
用代词指代：先把同位语从句中的内容考研辅导班翻译出来，在后面用“这”或“那”等代词复指它，参加句子主体的构成。
  i( B$ t9 Z9 v5 z译成宾语 ：把同位语从句修饰的名词转译成动词，而把同位语从句译成宾语。
9 Q( f6 T9 z) h5 h* p! T, J/ ?【真题例句1】
　　What is harder to establish is whether the productivity revolution that businessmen assume they are presiding over is for real.
【解析】
　　句子可拆分为：What is harder to establish is //whether the productivity revolution //that businessmen assume //they are presiding over// is for real.
6 M4 o) T  d! c" E; j! X　　主句为What is harder to establish is whether the productivity revolution is for real。主句包含两个从句成分：从句what is harder to establish作主语；whether the productivity revolution is for real作表语；that they are presiding over为定语从句修饰the productivity revolution; 此定语从句中businessmen assume为主谓结构的插入语。以what, whatever, whoever, whether, when, where, how, why等词引导的主语从句及表语从句在翻译的时候，一般可以按照英语原文顺序来翻译。
* B1 x) v& h# ^【参考译文】
　　难以确定的是，商界人士认为他们所主考研辅导导的生产力革命是否真的存在。
【真题例句2】
. k9 X+ T3 k+ v5 ?# H　　It has also been proposed that just because we know so much about people intuitively, there has been less incentive for studying them scientifically: why should one develop a theory, carry out systematic observations, or make predictions about the obvious?
【解析】
该句可拆分为：It has also been proposed that //just because we know so much about people intuitively, // there has been less incentive //for studying them scientifically: //why should one develop a theory, //carry out systematic observations, //or make predictions about the obvious?
' i, F7 K1 W/ V4 \! V* y主句为：It has also been proposed。That…for studying them scientifically是主语从句，形式主语it的真主语。because we know so much about people intuitively是这个主语从句中嵌套的原因状语从句。冒号后面是一个简单句，对前面内容起解释说明作用。has been proposed, has been这个动词不好排除，但是如果你发现后面连词that后又有一个连词because, 说明that引导一个从句，而这个because引导的应是这个从句的原因状语从句，很自然它后面需要有主句。所以这个动词只是从句中主句的谓语动词，并不是整个句子的谓语动词。develop, carry out, make在冒号后面句子中海文钻石卡，不能成为主句谓语动词。由此确定主句谓语动词为has been proposed。
( y) i- L' t$ ~" Z　　It is +过去分词+that从句开头的主语从句一般按顺序译出。
! p1 u  s+ U% x! [4 O【参考译文】
+ k5 @* l. m8 w/ i% E5 ^　　还有解释说，正是由于我们对人的直觉了解太多，所以我们没有科学地研究这些直觉的动力：对于显而易见之事，人们为什么要建立一种理论、进行系统的观察或是作一些预言呢?

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考研没有2年考不上的，只有1年坚持下来的~！