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在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
: w# X# x& o( H# b 在翻译的时候,主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句一般可以按照英语原文顺序来翻译。同位语从句有以下五种翻译方法:0 L4 O2 `; j0 n7 r
可以直接翻译在所修饰词后面。* n O j) V, v8 d+ B, W
放在所修饰的名词前面,充当定语。9 O7 V9 p$ ]. e; r8 P' X
译成独立句子:先翻译主句,然后用“就是……”或者“即……”引导出同位语从句,或者把同位语从句译成独立的句子,由冒号或破折号引出。
6 |$ G3 @2 \' n7 u' R用代词指代:先把同位语从句中的内容考研辅导班翻译出来,在后面用“这”或“那”等代词复指它,参加句子主体的构成。
+ m; \. V0 K: ?/ U: E译成宾语 :把同位语从句修饰的名词转译成动词,而把同位语从句译成宾语。
& C2 }: L$ D8 I V& r6 P6 {【真题例句1】
* I1 g* ]* \3 G; c! ^/ t" l& Q2 m What is harder to establish is whether the productivity revolution that businessmen assume they are presiding over is for real.2 Z& n( ~0 d% m3 A( q
【解析】0 l2 `, n7 N* C+ s& I- x1 k4 P( l
句子可拆分为:What is harder to establish is //whether the productivity revolution //that businessmen assume //they are presiding over// is for real.$ N- @3 X# ~8 O/ |7 Z* G
主句为What is harder to establish is whether the productivity revolution is for real。主句包含两个从句成分:从句what is harder to establish作主语;whether the productivity revolution is for real作表语;that they are presiding over为定语从句修饰the productivity revolution; 此定语从句中businessmen assume为主谓结构的插入语。以what, whatever, whoever, whether, when, where, how, why等词引导的主语从句及表语从句在翻译的时候,一般可以按照英语原文顺序来翻译。' Y# p; M; s" s# r- \, K
【参考译文】; d" Z, ?9 A( e; I
难以确定的是,商界人士认为他们所主考研辅导导的生产力革命是否真的存在。( s; n/ c5 x2 ~( r6 w( j& j- N
【真题例句2】! f; p' m+ t7 I+ V# I
It has also been proposed that just because we know so much about people intuitively, there has been less incentive for studying them scientifically: why should one develop a theory, carry out systematic observations, or make predictions about the obvious?' M- {( d7 K, J2 c
【解析】
' O; a1 c% Q7 \4 T该句可拆分为:It has also been proposed that //just because we know so much about people intuitively, // there has been less incentive //for studying them scientifically: //why should one develop a theory, //carry out systematic observations, //or make predictions about the obvious?
H2 _1 o5 Q5 E/ u3 m5 X" M& C主句为:It has also been proposed。That…for studying them scientifically是主语从句,形式主语it的真主语。because we know so much about people intuitively是这个主语从句中嵌套的原因状语从句。冒号后面是一个简单句,对前面内容起解释说明作用。has been proposed, has been这个动词不好排除,但是如果你发现后面连词that后又有一个连词because, 说明that引导一个从句,而这个because引导的应是这个从句的原因状语从句,很自然它后面需要有主句。所以这个动词只是从句中主句的谓语动词,并不是整个句子的谓语动词。develop, carry out, make在冒号后面句子中海文钻石卡,不能成为主句谓语动词。由此确定主句谓语动词为has been proposed。
! m* L6 _5 `6 e) W8 n It is +过去分词+that从句开头的主语从句一般按顺序译出。0 L- S/ [0 Q& S9 H& t5 E( b- Q8 m
【参考译文】
4 [2 M' \1 f4 A4 r 还有解释说,正是由于我们对人的直觉了解太多,所以我们没有科学地研究这些直觉的动力:对于显而易见之事,人们为什么要建立一种理论、进行系统的观察或是作一些预言呢? |
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