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在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
3 t1 f7 _& R- N9 c 在翻译的时候,主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句一般可以按照英语原文顺序来翻译。同位语从句有以下五种翻译方法:
6 \! x& M: o" _; h/ [6 L8 d' [1 W可以直接翻译在所修饰词后面。
$ s. |1 T+ |" T7 V1 ^4 a' c放在所修饰的名词前面,充当定语。+ E" V% h; j9 H# ?: L: b b
译成独立句子:先翻译主句,然后用“就是……”或者“即……”引导出同位语从句,或者把同位语从句译成独立的句子,由冒号或破折号引出。
# s3 I' ?$ U* y; s1 u# e2 Y用代词指代:先把同位语从句中的内容考研辅导班翻译出来,在后面用“这”或“那”等代词复指它,参加句子主体的构成。4 v5 {% k: D% U9 P3 o7 V
译成宾语 :把同位语从句修饰的名词转译成动词,而把同位语从句译成宾语。0 f. X/ X$ G U. b0 ?
【真题例句1】 P% ]$ |9 F" Z! T; u' E% i
What is harder to establish is whether the productivity revolution that businessmen assume they are presiding over is for real.
7 C9 ]. ^$ N1 |2 {6 H/ ~# n【解析】1 k& Y& U: N) g0 v; V8 y+ K9 T) z
句子可拆分为:What is harder to establish is //whether the productivity revolution //that businessmen assume //they are presiding over// is for real.
* u* @. r! c; Z, P 主句为What is harder to establish is whether the productivity revolution is for real。主句包含两个从句成分:从句what is harder to establish作主语;whether the productivity revolution is for real作表语;that they are presiding over为定语从句修饰the productivity revolution; 此定语从句中businessmen assume为主谓结构的插入语。以what, whatever, whoever, whether, when, where, how, why等词引导的主语从句及表语从句在翻译的时候,一般可以按照英语原文顺序来翻译。
4 j" } g& J, {) r J" p9 X" O【参考译文】
9 v0 \. V9 Q2 j" R 难以确定的是,商界人士认为他们所主考研辅导导的生产力革命是否真的存在。; ?% J3 [8 a: a% G
【真题例句2】
9 z( @) q% L8 Z* Z& J G It has also been proposed that just because we know so much about people intuitively, there has been less incentive for studying them scientifically: why should one develop a theory, carry out systematic observations, or make predictions about the obvious?/ c1 @/ ^( d7 ?9 W1 ?, o$ Y% C- g. u, M
【解析】
) z! |: `. x2 ^1 p i- |) o7 S- t该句可拆分为:It has also been proposed that //just because we know so much about people intuitively, // there has been less incentive //for studying them scientifically: //why should one develop a theory, //carry out systematic observations, //or make predictions about the obvious?1 n& l% M5 v& ]7 G: q- {5 E( b* @
主句为:It has also been proposed。That…for studying them scientifically是主语从句,形式主语it的真主语。because we know so much about people intuitively是这个主语从句中嵌套的原因状语从句。冒号后面是一个简单句,对前面内容起解释说明作用。has been proposed, has been这个动词不好排除,但是如果你发现后面连词that后又有一个连词because, 说明that引导一个从句,而这个because引导的应是这个从句的原因状语从句,很自然它后面需要有主句。所以这个动词只是从句中主句的谓语动词,并不是整个句子的谓语动词。develop, carry out, make在冒号后面句子中海文钻石卡,不能成为主句谓语动词。由此确定主句谓语动词为has been proposed。
7 Q0 U8 W6 Y7 N. v% L) h$ \) C. Y( G It is +过去分词+that从句开头的主语从句一般按顺序译出。
2 e/ E+ q8 s8 _) p1 D7 I& A2 d3 n" }【参考译文】
$ D0 C- s: e/ g 还有解释说,正是由于我们对人的直觉了解太多,所以我们没有科学地研究这些直觉的动力:对于显而易见之事,人们为什么要建立一种理论、进行系统的观察或是作一些预言呢? |
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