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在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
, ]. Z# L+ m7 l0 T2 p* x 在翻译的时候,主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句一般可以按照英语原文顺序来翻译。同位语从句有以下五种翻译方法:
* [, b8 e" ^4 w4 l: B可以直接翻译在所修饰词后面。, \) R7 g8 {& M* |
放在所修饰的名词前面,充当定语。
7 S8 i$ [6 }8 t译成独立句子:先翻译主句,然后用“就是……”或者“即……”引导出同位语从句,或者把同位语从句译成独立的句子,由冒号或破折号引出。
* o5 \% A! v- @# w/ f6 }用代词指代:先把同位语从句中的内容考研辅导班翻译出来,在后面用“这”或“那”等代词复指它,参加句子主体的构成。
, W1 o9 q6 f3 |: y) T, ^译成宾语 :把同位语从句修饰的名词转译成动词,而把同位语从句译成宾语。" s5 i( X/ V; d7 N8 {( h+ H) {
【真题例句1】
0 _7 I' s! X3 w! y* H1 _3 i v What is harder to establish is whether the productivity revolution that businessmen assume they are presiding over is for real.
, ^6 h) ]3 y$ j3 E' z【解析】
- X2 |! k# m- a: A. u! T 句子可拆分为:What is harder to establish is //whether the productivity revolution //that businessmen assume //they are presiding over// is for real., u0 @! D- g3 L: G, H/ R
主句为What is harder to establish is whether the productivity revolution is for real。主句包含两个从句成分:从句what is harder to establish作主语;whether the productivity revolution is for real作表语;that they are presiding over为定语从句修饰the productivity revolution; 此定语从句中businessmen assume为主谓结构的插入语。以what, whatever, whoever, whether, when, where, how, why等词引导的主语从句及表语从句在翻译的时候,一般可以按照英语原文顺序来翻译。
( m& R: ]$ t8 ]4 e3 f( k/ U: d【参考译文】; L/ F1 j- ]& J& D( P
难以确定的是,商界人士认为他们所主考研辅导导的生产力革命是否真的存在。( m- h/ g# K" w2 [0 {
【真题例句2】' \* s7 g& H0 x/ \: N4 |" d
It has also been proposed that just because we know so much about people intuitively, there has been less incentive for studying them scientifically: why should one develop a theory, carry out systematic observations, or make predictions about the obvious?
( g \* q" B m1 H/ M" @3 h; D( g【解析】7 I# i2 M. c& ?
该句可拆分为:It has also been proposed that //just because we know so much about people intuitively, // there has been less incentive //for studying them scientifically: //why should one develop a theory, //carry out systematic observations, //or make predictions about the obvious?# T5 J$ D- \2 Q3 [; ~+ \
主句为:It has also been proposed。That…for studying them scientifically是主语从句,形式主语it的真主语。because we know so much about people intuitively是这个主语从句中嵌套的原因状语从句。冒号后面是一个简单句,对前面内容起解释说明作用。has been proposed, has been这个动词不好排除,但是如果你发现后面连词that后又有一个连词because, 说明that引导一个从句,而这个because引导的应是这个从句的原因状语从句,很自然它后面需要有主句。所以这个动词只是从句中主句的谓语动词,并不是整个句子的谓语动词。develop, carry out, make在冒号后面句子中海文钻石卡,不能成为主句谓语动词。由此确定主句谓语动词为has been proposed。
0 U) u( b" c3 Z+ ]& Y; t It is +过去分词+that从句开头的主语从句一般按顺序译出。; s8 w: `6 }# R" c
【参考译文】
9 x# e0 r% a1 h6 `& Q9 D6 J 还有解释说,正是由于我们对人的直觉了解太多,所以我们没有科学地研究这些直觉的动力:对于显而易见之事,人们为什么要建立一种理论、进行系统的观察或是作一些预言呢? |
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