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2014考研英语:语法难点解析之名词性从句

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发表于 2013-9-11 16:02 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
' e6 C. F: ?) Z    在翻译的时候,主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句一般可以按照英语原文顺序来翻译。同位语从句有以下五种翻译方法:
# F5 \: T; ], m: S$ O可以直接翻译在所修饰词后面。6 C, M; I5 ^9 X, J; T
放在所修饰的名词前面,充当定语。
! q: u3 t; c% ?/ W) ^译成独立句子:先翻译主句,然后用“就是……”或者“即……”引导出同位语从句,或者把同位语从句译成独立的句子,由冒号或破折号引出。
, m* n0 c/ |. i9 }用代词指代:先把同位语从句中的内容考研辅导班翻译出来,在后面用“这”或“那”等代词复指它,参加句子主体的构成。
' \$ \5 w$ o' C- e& w1 s" d& r! w5 [9 n译成宾语 :把同位语从句修饰的名词转译成动词,而把同位语从句译成宾语。
+ s& n% C/ E5 }( w4 Q  E【真题例句1】+ n$ P8 Y( b) ]# T" A! `
  What is harder to establish is whether the productivity revolution that businessmen assume they are presiding over is for real.0 h9 y$ {: @; G* ~* v- o( z8 m# @) A1 t& N
【解析】
  x" L7 s* l8 B7 y' D  句子可拆分为:What is harder to establish is //whether the productivity revolution //that businessmen assume //they are presiding over// is for real.7 t- b7 p; D4 n, Z! w# U  R
  主句为What is harder to establish is whether the productivity revolution is for real。主句包含两个从句成分:从句what is harder to establish作主语;whether the productivity revolution is for real作表语;that they are presiding over为定语从句修饰the productivity revolution; 此定语从句中businessmen assume为主谓结构的插入语。以what, whatever, whoever, whether, when, where, how, why等词引导的主语从句及表语从句在翻译的时候,一般可以按照英语原文顺序来翻译。
# _1 z& ]$ l+ a' j【参考译文】1 V7 |3 Y# I9 c6 @7 v( }
  难以确定的是,商界人士认为他们所主考研辅导导的生产力革命是否真的存在。
/ n' m# ]% u+ X" p5 y/ b【真题例句2】/ B" g3 Z* E1 Q
  It has also been proposed that just because we know so much about people intuitively, there has been less incentive for studying them scientifically: why should one develop a theory, carry out systematic observations, or make predictions about the obvious?
6 o! y0 @3 }# a【解析】
/ p7 q  i9 w$ X: ?该句可拆分为:It has also been proposed that //just because we know so much about people intuitively, // there has been less incentive //for studying them scientifically: //why should one develop a theory, //carry out systematic observations, //or make predictions about the obvious?
! `. ~  ^9 ~! g3 x主句为:It has also been proposed。That…for studying them scientifically是主语从句,形式主语it的真主语。because we know so much about people intuitively是这个主语从句中嵌套的原因状语从句。冒号后面是一个简单句,对前面内容起解释说明作用。has been proposed, has been这个动词不好排除,但是如果你发现后面连词that后又有一个连词because, 说明that引导一个从句,而这个because引导的应是这个从句的原因状语从句,很自然它后面需要有主句。所以这个动词只是从句中主句的谓语动词,并不是整个句子的谓语动词。develop, carry out, make在冒号后面句子中海文钻石卡,不能成为主句谓语动词。由此确定主句谓语动词为has been proposed。& {% }! q, ?) ~6 x' p" j
  It is +过去分词+that从句开头的主语从句一般按顺序译出。" H: ~5 L! K& ]' u
【参考译文】! _' O, w! B4 V# j
  还有解释说,正是由于我们对人的直觉了解太多,所以我们没有科学地研究这些直觉的动力:对于显而易见之事,人们为什么要建立一种理论、进行系统的观察或是作一些预言呢?
 楼主| 发表于 2013-9-11 16:03 | 显示全部楼层
考研没有2年考不上的,只有1年坚持下来的~!
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