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在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
; O$ W7 k3 H& @% i2 A8 d& R2 r 在翻译的时候,主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句一般可以按照英语原文顺序来翻译。同位语从句有以下五种翻译方法:. B& {! y; y4 m; g3 ]/ k
可以直接翻译在所修饰词后面。
. v l2 _# w, ~放在所修饰的名词前面,充当定语。3 U# L, c9 j' q3 g; `0 a
译成独立句子:先翻译主句,然后用“就是……”或者“即……”引导出同位语从句,或者把同位语从句译成独立的句子,由冒号或破折号引出。8 W- Q. y" T& _% W/ y' i. W5 H
用代词指代:先把同位语从句中的内容考研辅导班翻译出来,在后面用“这”或“那”等代词复指它,参加句子主体的构成。) f$ ]! T; O9 |
译成宾语 :把同位语从句修饰的名词转译成动词,而把同位语从句译成宾语。2 ?' L: l! c* U0 J
【真题例句1】' O7 S! I/ Y4 y* W, H
What is harder to establish is whether the productivity revolution that businessmen assume they are presiding over is for real.- M& |; m3 P) S9 V& x
【解析】* X9 P" H" E/ |6 o! `! [. k$ H
句子可拆分为:What is harder to establish is //whether the productivity revolution //that businessmen assume //they are presiding over// is for real.$ ~. b6 T- _) l" A! m8 x, p
主句为What is harder to establish is whether the productivity revolution is for real。主句包含两个从句成分:从句what is harder to establish作主语;whether the productivity revolution is for real作表语;that they are presiding over为定语从句修饰the productivity revolution; 此定语从句中businessmen assume为主谓结构的插入语。以what, whatever, whoever, whether, when, where, how, why等词引导的主语从句及表语从句在翻译的时候,一般可以按照英语原文顺序来翻译。) H/ n4 Y& z. x+ r9 R* Y
【参考译文】
/ h: o0 l: s- X; u! d: i6 L 难以确定的是,商界人士认为他们所主考研辅导导的生产力革命是否真的存在。6 D" n& Q9 ?* B2 C
【真题例句2】
1 k; y. a; u2 B6 D: a$ h/ y5 q1 g It has also been proposed that just because we know so much about people intuitively, there has been less incentive for studying them scientifically: why should one develop a theory, carry out systematic observations, or make predictions about the obvious?
' ^4 V& u6 I* Q# L' N【解析】
& i0 ^: J% w7 B$ j; {6 i该句可拆分为:It has also been proposed that //just because we know so much about people intuitively, // there has been less incentive //for studying them scientifically: //why should one develop a theory, //carry out systematic observations, //or make predictions about the obvious?
1 U: s$ \' I/ D3 N- q" U4 |主句为:It has also been proposed。That…for studying them scientifically是主语从句,形式主语it的真主语。because we know so much about people intuitively是这个主语从句中嵌套的原因状语从句。冒号后面是一个简单句,对前面内容起解释说明作用。has been proposed, has been这个动词不好排除,但是如果你发现后面连词that后又有一个连词because, 说明that引导一个从句,而这个because引导的应是这个从句的原因状语从句,很自然它后面需要有主句。所以这个动词只是从句中主句的谓语动词,并不是整个句子的谓语动词。develop, carry out, make在冒号后面句子中海文钻石卡,不能成为主句谓语动词。由此确定主句谓语动词为has been proposed。0 ^0 p* I' K& o& X
It is +过去分词+that从句开头的主语从句一般按顺序译出。
0 z1 k+ b1 s) w( G8 l; P' I【参考译文】/ k) }' k; y% c2 J; {2 {- N% |
还有解释说,正是由于我们对人的直觉了解太多,所以我们没有科学地研究这些直觉的动力:对于显而易见之事,人们为什么要建立一种理论、进行系统的观察或是作一些预言呢? |
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